This dissertation studies the activities of the two Anglosaxon schools of archaeology in Greece ― the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and the British School at Athens ― during the crucial period of 1947-1967, after World War II until the dictatorship. The aim is to study their contribution to Prehistoric Archaeology and the development of the science of archaeology, exploring their relationship with the turbulent sociopolitical zeitgeist of our country in the postwar era.